Romans 12:1 - “Be transformed by the renewing of your mind…”

I’ve been captivated by some very old ideas from a second-century bishop named Irenaeus lately.

Paul’s words in Romans 12:1 invite us into transformation—not a superficial makeover but a deep, identity-altering renewal. This isn’t about adding some wings to your old caterpillar body; it’s about being remade from the inside out. And for Irenaeus, this is where the good news really gets good.

Irenaeus’ theory of recapitulation is like a divine reset button. Jesus, the perfect “new Adam,” gathers up all the broken bits of humanity (caterpillar mush) and replays the human story—but this time, perfectly. Union with Christ is more than just a theological concept; it’s more than just changing your status. Through His life, death, and resurrection, He doesn’t just fix us; He remakes us entirely, inviting us into His renewed humanity.

Union with Christ means we’re not stuck in our old selves. In Christ, we are swept up into the very life of God—like caterpillars who wake up one day and realize they can fly. Or, in Irenaeus’ terms, we get to participate in a giant cosmic makeover, where everything is made new.